{"id":15124,"date":"2021-03-04T14:55:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/?p=15124"},"modified":"2025-03-03T14:13:49","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T14:13:49","slug":"prevalence-of-refractive-error-in-tembisa-south-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2021\/03\/04\/prevalence-of-refractive-error-in-tembisa-south-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"Prevalence of Refractive Error in Tembisa, South Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15124\" class=\"elementor elementor-15124\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486a909c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"486a909c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48457d52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48457d52\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-346dcaa5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"346dcaa5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b64294 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b64294\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #000666;\">Prevalence of Refractive Error in Tembisa, South Africa<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36cdbb75 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"36cdbb75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/css\/widget-icon-list.min.css\"><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/pro-elements\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css?ver=1747297119\">\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-0d080fc elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>04\/03\/2021<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-e2c89b4 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-tags\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M497.941 225.941L286.059 14.059A48 48 0 0 0 252.118 0H48C21.49 0 0 21.49 0 48v204.118a48 48 0 0 0 14.059 33.941l211.882 211.882c18.744 18.745 49.136 18.746 67.882 0l204.118-204.118c18.745-18.745 18.745-49.137 0-67.882zM112 160c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48s21.49-48 48-48 48 21.49 48 48-21.49 48-48 48zm513.941 133.823L421.823 497.941c-18.745 18.745-49.137 18.745-67.882 0l-.36-.36L527.64 323.522c16.999-16.999 26.36-39.6 26.36-63.64s-9.362-46.641-26.36-63.64L331.397 0h48.721a48 48 0 0 1 33.941 14.059l211.882 211.882c18.745 18.745 18.745 49.137 0 67.882z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/tag\/optometry\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Optometry<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/tag\/refractive-errors\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Refractive Errors<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b38a5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b38a5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"right\"} --><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">By\u00a0<strong>Bignocia Masinge<\/strong>, Optician and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\">Optometrist<\/a> and student of the\u00a0Master in Clinical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\">Optometry<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\">Vision Therapy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Purpose:<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To determine the prevalence and types of refractive errors in persons aged 11 years and older in the Tembisa Township, Gauteng Province, South Africa.<\/p>\n<h6>Methods:<\/h6>\n<p>This cross-sectional study was based at the private <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\">optometry practice<\/a> in Thembisa township, Gauteng province of South Africa. A total of 72 patients were found to have refractive errors out of the 100 patients who were screened, the other 28 patients were found to be emmetropes. Refractive error data were obtained by performing a comprehensive eye examination using an autorefractor &amp; keratometer, fundus camera, slit lamp, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction. Unaided and aided visual acuity were assessed from Snellen chart 3M (projector illuminated chart).<\/p>\n<h6>Results:<\/h6>\n<p>A sample comprised of 100 eligible persons who were screened and thoroughly examined. The ages varied from 11 to 82 years, with a mean age of 38.87. The study discovered 72% overall prevalence of refractive error, out of the 100 participants that were examined, 28% of the participants were emmetropes who did not need any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\">optical correction<\/a>. An important finding is that an alarming proportion (86.11%) of these refractive errors were not corrected, and only 13,89% had their old pair of spectacle correction. From the 72%, the most common refractive error was presbyopia (43%), followed by hyperopic astigmatism (19.44%), myopia astigmatism (13.90%), simple astigmatism (11.11%), myopia (6.95%), and hyperopia was the lowest refractive error at 5.60%. There was a remarkable number of 65.30% of females and 34.70% was males. Lack of awareness was reported among 58% as the hindrance to correcting refractive errors.<\/p>\n<h6>Conclusion:<\/h6>\n<p>A significant finding is that most of the refractive errors were uncorrected because these people were not addressing eye care as part of priority to their health program as it is supposed to be done. This should be enforced. Most of them upon screening, they looked surprised that they had uncorrected refractive errors. This study showed that there is a need for interventions to reduce refractive error in the Tembisa township as well as in other surrounding areas affected by the lack of access to affordable eye care services.<\/p>\n<h6>Keywords:<\/h6>\n<p><em>Uncorrected refractive errors, refractive errors, lack of awareness, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:shortcode --><\/p>\n<p>            <div class=\"ppv_wrapper ppv_container\" style=\"position: relative;width:100%; height:600px;\">\n                <div class=\"ppv-loading\">PDF Loading&#8230;<\/div>\n                <iframe id=\"s_pdf_frame\" src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/gview?embedded=true&#038;url=https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/4-March-2021-Bignocia-Masinge-2021.-Prevalence-of-Refractive-Error-Among-the-People-of-Tembisa-Township-South-Africa.-SAERA.pdf\" style=\"float:left; padding:10px;width:100%; height:600px;\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n                            <\/div>\n            \n            <\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:shortcode --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Download the full research study here:\u00a0<a title=\"Bignocia Masinge (2021). Prevalence of Refractive Error Among the People of Tembisa Township, South Africa. SAERA\" href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/4-March-2021-Bignocia-Masinge-2021.-Prevalence-of-Refractive-Error-Among-the-People-of-Tembisa-Township-South-Africa.-SAERA.pdf\">Bignocia Masinge (2021). Prevalence of Refractive Error Among the People of Tembisa Township, South Africa. SAERA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:shortcode --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:shortcode --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3eae28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c3eae28\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eed196f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3eed196f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column 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.elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ea374bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-text\" data-id=\"4ea374bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-text.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5>Check our educational programmes:<\/h5>\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2780c7a7 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2780c7a7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5219b000 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"5219b000\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-content{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper,.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{display:flex}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:end;flex-direction:row-reverse}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:start;flex-direction:row}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-top .elementor-image-box-img{margin:auto}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-top .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:flex-start}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-middle .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-bottom .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:flex-end}}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-bottom:15px}}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-title a{color:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-description{margin:0}<\/style><div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/audiology\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-14634\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1-220x220.jpg 220w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1-390x390.jpg 390w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/oreja_cuadrado-1-1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h4 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saera.eu\/en\/audiology\/\">Audiology<\/a><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee1c49 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"7ee1c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-14637\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1-220x220.jpg 220w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1-390x390.jpg 390w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ojo_cuadrado-1-1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h4 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/optometry\/\">Optometry<\/a><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18bfe118 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"18bfe118\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/applied-neuroscience-programmes\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-14636\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1-220x220.jpg 220w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1-390x390.jpg 390w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/cerebro_cuadrado-1-1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h4 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a 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                          <\/a> \r\n                                <\/div>                             \r\n                                \r\n                                <div class=\"blog-content\">                                    \r\n                                                                               <ul class=\"blog-meta\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar-check-o\"><\/i> 17 March 2026<\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                <\/ul>\r\n                                                                                \r\n                                        <h3 class=\"title dd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/03\/17\/speech-in-noise-testing-in-arabic-a-literature-review-and-clinical-implications-for-lebanese-arabic\/\">Speech-in-Noise Testing in Arabic: A Literature Review and Clinical Implications for Lebanese Arabic<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                                <div class=\"btn-btm d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\">\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"btn-part\">\r\n                                                    <a class=\"readon-arrow\" href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/03\/17\/speech-in-noise-testing-in-arabic-a-literature-review-and-clinical-implications-for-lebanese-arabic\/\">\r\n                                                        Read More <i class=\"fa fa fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\r\n                                                    <\/a>\r\n               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src=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rajeev-S.-2026.-Tinnitus-Management-and-Rehabilation.-SAERA.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rajeev-S.-2026.-Tinnitus-Management-and-Rehabilation.-SAERA.png 1536w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rajeev-S.-2026.-Tinnitus-Management-and-Rehabilation.-SAERA-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rajeev-S.-2026.-Tinnitus-Management-and-Rehabilation.-SAERA-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rajeev-S.-2026.-Tinnitus-Management-and-Rehabilation.-SAERA-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/>                                    <\/a> \r\n                                <\/div>                             \r\n                                \r\n                                <div class=\"blog-content\">                                    \r\n                                                                               <ul class=\"blog-meta\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar-check-o\"><\/i> 5 March 2026<\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                <\/ul>\r\n                                                                                \r\n                                        <h3 class=\"title dd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/03\/05\/tinnitus-management-and-rehabilitation\/\">Tinnitus Management and Rehabilitation: The Efficiency of Tinnitus Masker and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Patients with Normal Hearing and Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                    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<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-item col-lg-12  filter_audiology filter_blog filter_masters-thesis \">\r\n\r\n                                                    <div class=\"no-gutter blog-item rs-blog-grid1\">\r\n                                                           \r\n                                <div class=\"image-part\">\r\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/02\/17\/comparative-sound-processing-strategies-in-cochlear-implants\/\">\r\n                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Khalil-E.-M.-2026.-Comparative-Sound-Processing-Strategies-in-Cochlear-Implants-Cochlear-ACE-MED-EL-FS4-and-Advanced-Bionics-HiResOptima.-SAERA.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Khalil-E.-M.-2026.-Comparative-Sound-Processing-Strategies-in-Cochlear-Implants-Cochlear-ACE-MED-EL-FS4-and-Advanced-Bionics-HiResOptima.-SAERA.png 1536w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Khalil-E.-M.-2026.-Comparative-Sound-Processing-Strategies-in-Cochlear-Implants-Cochlear-ACE-MED-EL-FS4-and-Advanced-Bionics-HiResOptima.-SAERA-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Khalil-E.-M.-2026.-Comparative-Sound-Processing-Strategies-in-Cochlear-Implants-Cochlear-ACE-MED-EL-FS4-and-Advanced-Bionics-HiResOptima.-SAERA-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Khalil-E.-M.-2026.-Comparative-Sound-Processing-Strategies-in-Cochlear-Implants-Cochlear-ACE-MED-EL-FS4-and-Advanced-Bionics-HiResOptima.-SAERA-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/>                                    <\/a> \r\n                                <\/div>                             \r\n                                \r\n                                <div class=\"blog-content\">                                    \r\n                                                                               <ul class=\"blog-meta\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar-check-o\"><\/i> 17 February 2026<\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                <\/ul>\r\n                                                                                \r\n                                        <h3 class=\"title dd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/02\/17\/comparative-sound-processing-strategies-in-cochlear-implants\/\">Comparative Sound-Processing Strategies in Cochlear Implants: Cochlear (ACE), MED-EL (FS4), and Advanced Bionics (HiRes\/Optima)<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                                <div class=\"btn-btm d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\">\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"btn-part\">\r\n                                                    <a class=\"readon-arrow\" href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/02\/17\/comparative-sound-processing-strategies-in-cochlear-implants\/\">\r\n                                                        Read More <i class=\"fa fa fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\r\n                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/div>                              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srcset=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-11-at-11.45.17-e1770815562912.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-11-at-11.45.17-e1770815562912-300x171.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-11-at-11.45.17-e1770815562912-1024x585.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-02-11-at-11.45.17-e1770815562912-768x438.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>                                    <\/a> \r\n                                <\/div>                             \r\n                                \r\n                                <div class=\"blog-content\">                                    \r\n                                                                               <ul class=\"blog-meta\">\r\n                                                                                                                                            <li><i class=\"fa fa-calendar-check-o\"><\/i> 11 February 2026<\/li>\r\n                                                                                                                                                                                <\/ul>\r\n                                                                                \r\n                                        <h3 class=\"title dd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/02\/11\/saera-contributes-standardised-assessment-tools-to-ricpp-testing-laboratory\/\">SAERA Contributes Standardised Assessment Tools to RICPP Testing Laboratory<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                                <div class=\"btn-btm d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between\">\r\n                                                                                                                                        <div class=\"btn-part\">\r\n                                                    <a class=\"readon-arrow\" href=\"https:\/\/saera.eu\/en\/2026\/02\/11\/saera-contributes-standardised-assessment-tools-to-ricpp-testing-laboratory\/\">\r\n                                                        Read More <i class=\"fa fa fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\r\n                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/div>                                \r\n                            \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                                                    \r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t                 \r\n                         \r\n                <\/div>   \r\n                               \r\n            \t    \r\n                              \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t   \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bignocia Masigne study the prevalence of refractive error in a community where affordability and accessibility for eye care facilities seem to be the hindrance towards correcting the refractive errors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176,89,93],"tags":[97,112],"class_list":["post-15124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-masters-thesis","category-optometry","tag-optometry","tag-refractive-errors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Prevalence of Refractive Error in Tembisa, 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